Rules of writing Passage Narration
Rule 1: When you write down different type of sentences of one speaker frequently, then the following system should be followed:
Sentence type Writing style
Assertive And said
Interrogative And asked if -----
Imperative And ordered/requested/adviced/suggested to
Optative And prayed for
Exclamatory And exclaimed with joy/ sorrow/wonder that
Rule 2: If the speaker frequently uses same type of sentence then the Rule is:
For assertive sentence
Said that
And added that
And further added that
And moreover added that
And again added that
For interrogative sentence
Asked if
And Further asked if
And more asked if
And again asked if
Rule 3:
Yes/No Sub + Replied in the affirmative/ Replied in the negative
Yes/No + Comment Sub + Replied in the affirmative/Replied in the negative and said that
Rule 4:
No Speaker in the sentence ‘The speaker said to the person spoken to’
Rule 5:
Please. Kindly.
Rule 6:
Calling in the name of person
Ex: He said, “Raven, don’t misbehave with anyone.”
It will be added as object of reporting verb
Ind: He advised Raven not to misbehave with anyone.
Rule 7:
Calling in the name of relations
Ex: The student said “Sir, please forgive me.” Addressing as brother/sister/friend/sir
Ind: Addressing as sir the student requested to kindly forgive him.
Rule8:
By Allah/by God/by Jove/by my love/by my life
Ex: “By Allah,” he replied, “I will not forget you.” Swearing by Allah/God/Jove/Life/Love
Ind: Swearing by Allah, he replied that he would not forget me.
Rule 9: If there is a Present participle phrase with the reporting verb, it will come in front of the reporting verb in doing the indirect speech. But if it is not present participle phrase then the position of it will remain unchanged.
Ex: “Are you brothers?” asked the mistress of the house turning to the Dervishes.
Ind: Turning to the Dervishes the Mistress of the house asked if they were brothers.
Rule 10:
Assertive sentence with question mark.
Ex: He said to me “You are angry with me?” Use ‘Being surprised’ with the reporting verb and follow the rules of doing interrogative sentence.
Ind: Being surprised he asked me if I was angry with him.
Rule 11:
Would/could/will in asking questions
Ex: He said to me, “would you help me to do the sum?” Use the rules of imperative sentence
Ind: He requested me to help him to do the sum.
Rule 12:
Imperative sentence with tag question
Ex: He told me, “shut the door, will you?” Tag question will be omitted and rules of imperative sentence will be followed.
Ind: He asked/requested me to shut the door.
Rule 13:
Well, you see (if used with in inverted comma)
Ex: the teacher said, “well Raven, I shall reward you.” Omit them and do in general way.
Ind: The teacher said to Raven that he would reward him.
Rule 14:
Sir (in the inverted comma) Respectfully/ with respect
Rule 15: If the reporting verb or reported speech is split in different parts in the Direct speech, they will be added together in the indirect speech.
Rule 16:
He said to me, “Thank you.” He thanked me.
Rule 17:
Good bye
Ex: He said, “Good bye my friends.” Use ‘bade’
Ind: He bade his friends’ good bye.
Rule 18:
Replied/Muttered/Cried (in the reporting verb)
Ex: “Hold your tongue!” He muttered on fiercely. Remains unchanged in the indirect speech.
Ind: He muttered on fiercely to hold his tongue.
Monday, February 23, 2009
Important Rearranges For SSC students
Some Important Rearranges For SSC students:
1.
A. He rose to a high position in the army by his good work and courage.
B. France under him was very powerful,
C. More than 170 years ago there lived in France one of the greatest soldiers called Napoleon Bonaparte.
D. When he was young, he joined the French Army as an ordinary soldier.
E. He fought several wars with the neighbouring countries.
F. Yet the Frenchmen remember with due respect.
G. He was born in 1769.
H. He died in 1821.
I. In 1804 he proclaimed himself as an emperor.
J. He grew very powerful and soon became the greatest man in the country.
Answer: C G D A E J I B H F
2.
A. The Nobel Prize has been given since 1901.
B. In 1850 Alfred Nobel Joined his father’s Company.
C. He earned a lot of money from dynamite business.
D. He was an engineer and Chemist.
E. Dr. Alfred Nobel was born on 21st October 1833 at Stockholm, Sweden.
F. This award was named after Alfred Nobel and was called ‘Nobel Prize’.
G. His father Emanuel Nobel was an architect and researcher.
H. He had an ammunition business at Leningrad.
I. He undertook a plan to give an award for encouraging the creative work for setting up peace in the world.
J. After some years Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
Answer: A F E D G H B J C I
3.
A. Then the leader of the robbers came to Saadi.
B. The merchants had their goods and a lot of money.
C. He had a bundle of books and some money with him.
D. They travelled for twelve days without trouble.
E. He ordered Saadi to give all he had to him.
F. On the thirteenth day a gang of robbers attacked them.
G. Sheikh Saadi handed him the bundle of books and also the money he had with him.
H. Once Sheikh Saadi was going to Baghdad with a group of rich merchant.
I. Saadi then said, “I hope that you will make good use of these books.”
J. The robbers took away all the goods and money from the merchants.
Answer: H C B D F J A E G I
4.
A. The mayor called a meeting of the councilors.
B. The people of the town came to the town hall.
C. At that moment there was a knock at the door.
D. They said to the mayor to do something about rats.
E. The mayor and councilors talked about the problem.
F. A long time ago the town of Hamlin in Germany was faced with a great problem.
G. The mayor said “come in”.
H. But they could not find a way out.
I. The stranger entered the hall.
J. It became full of rats.
Answer: F J B D A E H C G I
5.
A. Shakespeare was married at eighteen to a woman of twenty one.
B. There he became an actor and a playwright.
C. But he never attended any college.
D. By this time he was thirty.
E. He received a sound and basic education.
F. During the next ten years he composed his greatest plays.
G. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 at Stratford on Avon in England.
H. He had there children before he was twenty one.
I. A few years later he went to London.
J. He became prosperous before he reached the age of thirty four.
Answer: G E C A H I B D F J
6.
A) He took the lion’s paw in his hand and removed a bi thorn from it.
B) His master was very bad and inflicted heavy torture on him.
C) Androcles was very home- sick.
D) One day he fled from his master’s house.
E) The lion seemed wounded as he was groaning.
F) He was caught by a slave merchant who sold to a rich man in another country.
G) The lion was relieved from his pain.
H) Once upon a time there lived a young man named Androcles.
I) He came near Androcles and lifted his paw.
J) In the evening a lion entered the cave.
Answer: H F B C D J E I A G
7.
A) She worked, worked and worked.
B) Eventually he managed to repay all the loan money.
C) Soon after getting the loan, she and her husband started to make a plan.
D) Feroza worked day and night.
E) After that Feroza bought a little more paddy, and husked it and sold it.
F) Feroza took a loan of three thousand taka in the year 1992.
G) First they made a thatched hut so that they do not have to live under the open sky.
H) Then she bought a dheki and some paddy with the money.
I) The profit that she made was enough to repay the first installment and buy food and clothes for her children.
J) She sold the rice in the market and made a small profit.
Answer: F C G H J I E D A B
8.
A) He is the founder of the welfare economics which touché the lives of the poorest people of the society.
B) Finally he became the master of the trinity college, Cambridge in 1977.
C) His parents were Ashutosh Sen and Amita Sen. Both was ardent followers of Rabindranath.
D) He wrote many books on welfare economics of which “Economic Tranquility and Poverty and Famines” are famous
E) Sri Sen made us proud.
F) At first he was admitted to St.Gregory’s School in Dhaka. Then he had his education Santiniketon and next in Presidency College and Finally at Cambridge.
G) He was the first Asian winner of Nobel Prize in Economics awarded in 1998.
H) Amartya Sen, a great economist was born in Dhaka on November, 1993.
I) Later he taught in Delhi University and next in London School of Economics at Oxford.
J) Back to India he became the head of Economics department, Jadavpur University.
Answer: H C f I B J D A G E
9)
A. He sat on the doorstep of house looking out on the public street.
B. One day the woman became more furious than ever.
C. She always tried to irritate Socrates.
D. She began to insult Socrates.
E. She thought that he was not paying the least attention to her.
F. She went up to him with a bucket of water and poured much water on him.
G. So he went out of the room.
H. Socrates could not tolerate it.
I. Socrates wife used to lose her temper on the slightest excuse.
J. This made his wife more furious.
Answer: I C B D H G A J F E
10)
A. Some of his best works are Gitanjali, Sonar Tari, Kheya, and Balaka.
B. He had no regular school education.
C. Rabindranath Tagore was born at Jorasanko in Kolkata on May 1861.
D. He established a school at shantiniketon, and afterwards founded the University of Vishwabharati.
E. He was educated at home by his father and tutor.
F. He composed Gitanjali a book of poems and won the Nobel Prize in 1913.
G. He was a man of versatile genius.
H. He was a poet, dramatist, a short story writer, novelist and an essayist.
I. He was a great patriot.
J. His father was Maharshi Debendranath Tagore.
Answer: C J B E I G H A F D
11)
A. The tension of the war hung on the air.
B. She switched on the radio.
C. It was the eve of the World War II, October.
D. Her husband William Smith and son William Smith junior were off to the border.
E. A deep male voice floated in.
F. Mrs. Smith sat on her favourite Rocking chair and closed her eyes.
G. Mrs. Smith was restless.
H. It was dark, quite dark.
I. It was an invasion alarm.
J. It was a long tiring day.
Answer: C F J H A G D B E I
12)
A. Dickens had to work in a factory at the age of twelve.
B. He wrote some of the best novels in English literature.
C. Charles Dickens was one of the greatest English novelists of the nineteenth century.
D. He could not go to school and receive education.
E. When he was a school boy, was sent to prison for debt.
F. Dickens died on June 1870.
G. He was born on February 7, 1812 at Portsmouth.
H. Even during life time. He was exceptionally popular.
I. But by the time, he was twenty five years old, he had become well known as a writer of great talent.
J. He never forgot his hard experience of his boyhood.
Answer: C B G E D A I H J F
13)
A. He was in a job in the civil service in 1813.
B. He was educated at Howkshed Grammar School and St. John’s College, Cambridge.
C. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet was born on April 1770 at Cockermouth, Cumberland.
D. After 1810, his literary life marked the beginning of a decline and he died on April 23 1850 at the age of eighty.
E. He went to France and lived there for a year.
F. He became a friend of St. Coleridge who was his contemporary.
G. Wordsworth began his literary life with Coleridge and his sister Dorothy.
H. They jointly published Lyrical Ballads in 1798.
I. The later part of his life was prosperous and peaceful.
J. He also received honorary degree from Durham and Oxford University.
Answer: C B J A E F G H I D
14)
A. They never thought that this shabbily dressed man would be Einstein himself.
B. He could not think that these people were there to receive him.
C. Einstein however walked the whole way from the station with a suitcase in one hand and a violin on the other hand.
D. “But I assure you, I greatly enjoyed the walk.
E. Once Einstein went to Brussels at the invitation of the Queen of Belgium.
F. When he got down from the train at Brussels he saw many gorgeously dressed people present at the station.
G. The officials also expected to see somebody, who would appear to be rich and aristocratic.
H. With a smile on his face, he replied, “I did not expect that your majesty.”
I. When he reached the place, the queen said to him, “I sent a car for you Dr. Einstein.”
J. So they went back to the Queen and informed her that the great Scientist has not come by train.
Answer: E F B G A J C I H D
15)
A. He is called the “Father of Biology” because if his creativity.
B. “Politics” is one of his famous books where he gets the fullest development of his wisdom.
C. Aristotle was born in Greece.
D. He also wrote books on literature, biology, economics and comparative politics.
E. He wanted to be a free thinker.
F. His father wanted him to be a physician but he never cherished to be so.
G. As a result, from his childhood, he studied under the great thinker, Plato.
H. He was a son of Royal Physician.
I. Aristotle, achieving his academic qualifications, took the pen to write on different topics suitable for human civilization.
J. Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way.
Answer: C H F E G J I D B A
15)
A. In 1604 Galileo heard of telescope invented by Lippershey, a maker of spectacles.
B. He persuaded his father to let him study medicine and philosophy at the University of Pisa.
C. He wanted to make his son a cloth dealer.
D. Soon Galileo made more powerful telescopes with which he made many amazing discoveries about the sun and the moon and stars.
E. Galileo was born on February 15, 1564 at Pisa, Italy.
F. He set to work on the day he heard of the duch telescope and made one of his own.
G. He showed at a very early age, an unusual talent for science.
H. But Galileo had no interest for business.
I. His father was a skillful musician and mathematician.
J. At the age of only seventeen he had invented an important scientific law- he law of Pendulum.
Answer: E G I C H B A F D J
16)
A. He was brought before Alexander.
B. Alexander asked him how he would like to be treated.
C. There ruled a great king named Porus.
D. Porus came forward with his men and arms in order to defend his land from the attack of Alexander.
E. But unfortunately, he was defeated in a battle and taken prisoner.
F. Alexander the king of Macedonia crossed the Khaibar pass and reached India.
G. He knew how to respect a bold man.
H. ‘Like a king’ was the reply of Porus.
I. Alexander was pleased with Porus for his bold reply.
J. Then he came to the plain of Punjab.
Answer: F J C D E A B H I G
17)
A. His full name was Abu Ali Sina.
B. In his young age Ibn Sina came in contact with the philosophers, scientists. Mathematicians and astrologers of that time.
C. Ibn Sina is called the prince of Medical Science.
D. In his childhood his name and fame spread all over the Persian Golf area.
E. Ibn Sina was born in 985 in Bukhara in Iran.
F. Al Beruni, Abu Shehol, Jurjani were among them.
G. Sultan Mahmud, the king of Gajni, invited him to the Royal court.
H. His “Kanoon” is the best recited book in the medical science.
I. Reputation as a physician spread all places in his early age.
J. The then state government was acquainted with his fame.
Answer: E A D B F I C H J G
18)
A. On the way back, Shelly and Williams were drowned by a sudden storm on July 8, 1822.
B. His famous lyric ‘ode to the west wind’ was written in 1819.
C. At the age of 18, he went to Oxford University.
D. One day Shelly and his friend Williams set sail in his boat Aerial for Leghorn.
E. He was born on August 4, 1792 at Sussex in England.
F. His father Timothy Shelly was a country Landlord.
G. When he was a boy of twelve, he was sent to Eton.
H. But after one year he was expelled from the University for writing a pamphlet entitled “The Necessity of Atheism”.
I. Percy Bysshe Shelly was a romantic poet of the early 19th century.
J. From his boyhood Shelly was a boy of meditative and studious.
Answer: I E F J G C H B D A
1.
A. He rose to a high position in the army by his good work and courage.
B. France under him was very powerful,
C. More than 170 years ago there lived in France one of the greatest soldiers called Napoleon Bonaparte.
D. When he was young, he joined the French Army as an ordinary soldier.
E. He fought several wars with the neighbouring countries.
F. Yet the Frenchmen remember with due respect.
G. He was born in 1769.
H. He died in 1821.
I. In 1804 he proclaimed himself as an emperor.
J. He grew very powerful and soon became the greatest man in the country.
Answer: C G D A E J I B H F
2.
A. The Nobel Prize has been given since 1901.
B. In 1850 Alfred Nobel Joined his father’s Company.
C. He earned a lot of money from dynamite business.
D. He was an engineer and Chemist.
E. Dr. Alfred Nobel was born on 21st October 1833 at Stockholm, Sweden.
F. This award was named after Alfred Nobel and was called ‘Nobel Prize’.
G. His father Emanuel Nobel was an architect and researcher.
H. He had an ammunition business at Leningrad.
I. He undertook a plan to give an award for encouraging the creative work for setting up peace in the world.
J. After some years Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
Answer: A F E D G H B J C I
3.
A. Then the leader of the robbers came to Saadi.
B. The merchants had their goods and a lot of money.
C. He had a bundle of books and some money with him.
D. They travelled for twelve days without trouble.
E. He ordered Saadi to give all he had to him.
F. On the thirteenth day a gang of robbers attacked them.
G. Sheikh Saadi handed him the bundle of books and also the money he had with him.
H. Once Sheikh Saadi was going to Baghdad with a group of rich merchant.
I. Saadi then said, “I hope that you will make good use of these books.”
J. The robbers took away all the goods and money from the merchants.
Answer: H C B D F J A E G I
4.
A. The mayor called a meeting of the councilors.
B. The people of the town came to the town hall.
C. At that moment there was a knock at the door.
D. They said to the mayor to do something about rats.
E. The mayor and councilors talked about the problem.
F. A long time ago the town of Hamlin in Germany was faced with a great problem.
G. The mayor said “come in”.
H. But they could not find a way out.
I. The stranger entered the hall.
J. It became full of rats.
Answer: F J B D A E H C G I
5.
A. Shakespeare was married at eighteen to a woman of twenty one.
B. There he became an actor and a playwright.
C. But he never attended any college.
D. By this time he was thirty.
E. He received a sound and basic education.
F. During the next ten years he composed his greatest plays.
G. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 at Stratford on Avon in England.
H. He had there children before he was twenty one.
I. A few years later he went to London.
J. He became prosperous before he reached the age of thirty four.
Answer: G E C A H I B D F J
6.
A) He took the lion’s paw in his hand and removed a bi thorn from it.
B) His master was very bad and inflicted heavy torture on him.
C) Androcles was very home- sick.
D) One day he fled from his master’s house.
E) The lion seemed wounded as he was groaning.
F) He was caught by a slave merchant who sold to a rich man in another country.
G) The lion was relieved from his pain.
H) Once upon a time there lived a young man named Androcles.
I) He came near Androcles and lifted his paw.
J) In the evening a lion entered the cave.
Answer: H F B C D J E I A G
7.
A) She worked, worked and worked.
B) Eventually he managed to repay all the loan money.
C) Soon after getting the loan, she and her husband started to make a plan.
D) Feroza worked day and night.
E) After that Feroza bought a little more paddy, and husked it and sold it.
F) Feroza took a loan of three thousand taka in the year 1992.
G) First they made a thatched hut so that they do not have to live under the open sky.
H) Then she bought a dheki and some paddy with the money.
I) The profit that she made was enough to repay the first installment and buy food and clothes for her children.
J) She sold the rice in the market and made a small profit.
Answer: F C G H J I E D A B
8.
A) He is the founder of the welfare economics which touché the lives of the poorest people of the society.
B) Finally he became the master of the trinity college, Cambridge in 1977.
C) His parents were Ashutosh Sen and Amita Sen. Both was ardent followers of Rabindranath.
D) He wrote many books on welfare economics of which “Economic Tranquility and Poverty and Famines” are famous
E) Sri Sen made us proud.
F) At first he was admitted to St.Gregory’s School in Dhaka. Then he had his education Santiniketon and next in Presidency College and Finally at Cambridge.
G) He was the first Asian winner of Nobel Prize in Economics awarded in 1998.
H) Amartya Sen, a great economist was born in Dhaka on November, 1993.
I) Later he taught in Delhi University and next in London School of Economics at Oxford.
J) Back to India he became the head of Economics department, Jadavpur University.
Answer: H C f I B J D A G E
9)
A. He sat on the doorstep of house looking out on the public street.
B. One day the woman became more furious than ever.
C. She always tried to irritate Socrates.
D. She began to insult Socrates.
E. She thought that he was not paying the least attention to her.
F. She went up to him with a bucket of water and poured much water on him.
G. So he went out of the room.
H. Socrates could not tolerate it.
I. Socrates wife used to lose her temper on the slightest excuse.
J. This made his wife more furious.
Answer: I C B D H G A J F E
10)
A. Some of his best works are Gitanjali, Sonar Tari, Kheya, and Balaka.
B. He had no regular school education.
C. Rabindranath Tagore was born at Jorasanko in Kolkata on May 1861.
D. He established a school at shantiniketon, and afterwards founded the University of Vishwabharati.
E. He was educated at home by his father and tutor.
F. He composed Gitanjali a book of poems and won the Nobel Prize in 1913.
G. He was a man of versatile genius.
H. He was a poet, dramatist, a short story writer, novelist and an essayist.
I. He was a great patriot.
J. His father was Maharshi Debendranath Tagore.
Answer: C J B E I G H A F D
11)
A. The tension of the war hung on the air.
B. She switched on the radio.
C. It was the eve of the World War II, October.
D. Her husband William Smith and son William Smith junior were off to the border.
E. A deep male voice floated in.
F. Mrs. Smith sat on her favourite Rocking chair and closed her eyes.
G. Mrs. Smith was restless.
H. It was dark, quite dark.
I. It was an invasion alarm.
J. It was a long tiring day.
Answer: C F J H A G D B E I
12)
A. Dickens had to work in a factory at the age of twelve.
B. He wrote some of the best novels in English literature.
C. Charles Dickens was one of the greatest English novelists of the nineteenth century.
D. He could not go to school and receive education.
E. When he was a school boy, was sent to prison for debt.
F. Dickens died on June 1870.
G. He was born on February 7, 1812 at Portsmouth.
H. Even during life time. He was exceptionally popular.
I. But by the time, he was twenty five years old, he had become well known as a writer of great talent.
J. He never forgot his hard experience of his boyhood.
Answer: C B G E D A I H J F
13)
A. He was in a job in the civil service in 1813.
B. He was educated at Howkshed Grammar School and St. John’s College, Cambridge.
C. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet was born on April 1770 at Cockermouth, Cumberland.
D. After 1810, his literary life marked the beginning of a decline and he died on April 23 1850 at the age of eighty.
E. He went to France and lived there for a year.
F. He became a friend of St. Coleridge who was his contemporary.
G. Wordsworth began his literary life with Coleridge and his sister Dorothy.
H. They jointly published Lyrical Ballads in 1798.
I. The later part of his life was prosperous and peaceful.
J. He also received honorary degree from Durham and Oxford University.
Answer: C B J A E F G H I D
14)
A. They never thought that this shabbily dressed man would be Einstein himself.
B. He could not think that these people were there to receive him.
C. Einstein however walked the whole way from the station with a suitcase in one hand and a violin on the other hand.
D. “But I assure you, I greatly enjoyed the walk.
E. Once Einstein went to Brussels at the invitation of the Queen of Belgium.
F. When he got down from the train at Brussels he saw many gorgeously dressed people present at the station.
G. The officials also expected to see somebody, who would appear to be rich and aristocratic.
H. With a smile on his face, he replied, “I did not expect that your majesty.”
I. When he reached the place, the queen said to him, “I sent a car for you Dr. Einstein.”
J. So they went back to the Queen and informed her that the great Scientist has not come by train.
Answer: E F B G A J C I H D
15)
A. He is called the “Father of Biology” because if his creativity.
B. “Politics” is one of his famous books where he gets the fullest development of his wisdom.
C. Aristotle was born in Greece.
D. He also wrote books on literature, biology, economics and comparative politics.
E. He wanted to be a free thinker.
F. His father wanted him to be a physician but he never cherished to be so.
G. As a result, from his childhood, he studied under the great thinker, Plato.
H. He was a son of Royal Physician.
I. Aristotle, achieving his academic qualifications, took the pen to write on different topics suitable for human civilization.
J. Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way.
Answer: C H F E G J I D B A
15)
A. In 1604 Galileo heard of telescope invented by Lippershey, a maker of spectacles.
B. He persuaded his father to let him study medicine and philosophy at the University of Pisa.
C. He wanted to make his son a cloth dealer.
D. Soon Galileo made more powerful telescopes with which he made many amazing discoveries about the sun and the moon and stars.
E. Galileo was born on February 15, 1564 at Pisa, Italy.
F. He set to work on the day he heard of the duch telescope and made one of his own.
G. He showed at a very early age, an unusual talent for science.
H. But Galileo had no interest for business.
I. His father was a skillful musician and mathematician.
J. At the age of only seventeen he had invented an important scientific law- he law of Pendulum.
Answer: E G I C H B A F D J
16)
A. He was brought before Alexander.
B. Alexander asked him how he would like to be treated.
C. There ruled a great king named Porus.
D. Porus came forward with his men and arms in order to defend his land from the attack of Alexander.
E. But unfortunately, he was defeated in a battle and taken prisoner.
F. Alexander the king of Macedonia crossed the Khaibar pass and reached India.
G. He knew how to respect a bold man.
H. ‘Like a king’ was the reply of Porus.
I. Alexander was pleased with Porus for his bold reply.
J. Then he came to the plain of Punjab.
Answer: F J C D E A B H I G
17)
A. His full name was Abu Ali Sina.
B. In his young age Ibn Sina came in contact with the philosophers, scientists. Mathematicians and astrologers of that time.
C. Ibn Sina is called the prince of Medical Science.
D. In his childhood his name and fame spread all over the Persian Golf area.
E. Ibn Sina was born in 985 in Bukhara in Iran.
F. Al Beruni, Abu Shehol, Jurjani were among them.
G. Sultan Mahmud, the king of Gajni, invited him to the Royal court.
H. His “Kanoon” is the best recited book in the medical science.
I. Reputation as a physician spread all places in his early age.
J. The then state government was acquainted with his fame.
Answer: E A D B F I C H J G
18)
A. On the way back, Shelly and Williams were drowned by a sudden storm on July 8, 1822.
B. His famous lyric ‘ode to the west wind’ was written in 1819.
C. At the age of 18, he went to Oxford University.
D. One day Shelly and his friend Williams set sail in his boat Aerial for Leghorn.
E. He was born on August 4, 1792 at Sussex in England.
F. His father Timothy Shelly was a country Landlord.
G. When he was a boy of twelve, he was sent to Eton.
H. But after one year he was expelled from the University for writing a pamphlet entitled “The Necessity of Atheism”.
I. Percy Bysshe Shelly was a romantic poet of the early 19th century.
J. From his boyhood Shelly was a boy of meditative and studious.
Answer: I E F J G C H B D A
Uses of Modal Auxiliary Verb
Uses of Modal Auxiliary Verb
1. Can:
| Ability | I can walk ten miles at a time. |
| permission | You can go. |
| Seek permission | Can I talk to you? |
| Possibility | I can go to your house. |
| Request | Can you help me with some money? |
2. May
| Possibility (less than can) | He may come to my house. |
| Seek permission gently | May I come in? |
| Purpose (present) | He works hard so that he may prosper in life. |
| Wishes and hopes | May Bangladesh long live. |
| Speculation | They may be waiting at the station for you now. |
| Give permission (2nd and 3rd person) | You may go now. |
3. Could
| Past ability/ habitual work | I could walk ten miles at a stretch. |
| Polite Request | Could you help me? |
| Past inability | I could not understand you. |
| Suggestion | You could talk to the Principal. |
4. Could have
| Someone could do a work but did not do | You could have done the sum. |
5. Might
| Possibility (less than 'may) | He might leave the country. |
| Purpose (Past) | He worked hard so that he might prosper in life |
| Speculation | They might be playing now. |
- Shall
| Future event (I,We) | We shall go out for a visit. |
| Command, threat, Authoritative order (2nd,3rd person) | You shall Carry out my order. |
| Intention of the speaker | You shall have a nice pen. |
| Determination | The weak shall be given equal rights. |
7. Should
| Obligation/Duty | We should obey our parents |
| Advice/ recommendation | You should stop smoking. |
| Polite request | Shall I help you? |
| Use after ‘Lest’ | He walked fast lest he should miss the train. |
| Assumption in present, past and future tense | It should be raining now. He should have reached home by now. He should have much time to reach the station. |
| Past obligation | He should have read sincerely. |
8. Will
| Future action | You will do the work. |
| Future prediction | He will start a school very soon. |
| Order (2nd and 3rd person) | You will carry out my order. |
| Determination (1st person) | I will do the work at any cost. |
| Polite request (2nd person) | Will you post the letter for me? |
| Future habitual action | Spring will come again. |
| Conditional | If you want, I will help you. |
9. Would
| Polite request | Would you post the letter for me? |
| Offer/invitations | Would you mind having a cup of tea with me? |
| Purpose( after ‘in order that’ and ‘so that’) | He worked hard in order that he would shine in life. |
| Conditional (past) | If you wanted, I would help you. |
| Preference (would rather/would better/would sooner) | He would rather die than beg. |
10. Must
| Obligation | You must obey your teacher. |
| Advice | You must take regular exercise. |
| Logical conclusion | You must be hungry after a long journey. |
| Certainty | He must be a good boy. |
| Determination | I must see him punished. |
| Past certainty | You must have gone there. |
11. Have to
| Obligation (have to, has to, had to shall have to/ will have to) | I have to look after my old parents. |
| Indicating advice | You have to learn English. |
12. Need
| Modal ( need not) | He need not do it. |
| Principal (need) | He needs to do it. |
13. Dare
| Modal verb(negative/interrogative) | He dare not do it. |
| Principal verb (affirmative) | He dared to go there |
| Challenge | He dares me to do the work. |
14. Used to
| Discontinued habit | I used to drink tea; now I drink coffee. |
| Continued habit | Omar (R) used to lead a very simple life. |
15. “Be” used as Modal Verb
| Duty or necessity (Am to/ is to/ are to) | I am to look after my old parents. |
16. Going to
| For future intention | They are going to open a bank account. |
17. Had better
| Preference | You had better go now. |
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